Expectation Maximization (EM) is an iterative algorithm used for finding maximum likelihood estimates of parameters in statistical models, particularly when the model involves latent variables (variables that are not directly observed). The algorithm is commonly… Expectation Maximization (EM) & implementation
Handling noisy data is a crucial step in data preprocessing and analysis. In general, here are some common approaches to manage noisy data: 1. Data Cleaning 2. Data Transformation 3. Statistical Techniques 4. Machine Learning… A comic guide to denoising noisy data
Recall that Missing Not At Random (MNAR) is a type of missing data mechanism where the probability of missingness is related to the unobserved data itself. Here are some more examples of MNAR: In each… A comical guide to Missing Not At Random (MNAR)
Multiple regression analysis can be used to understand the relationship between the waiting time to log in to Windows (dependent variable) and several independent variables. Let’s assume we have the following independent variables: Suppose that… Multiple regression analysis: waiting time to log in to Windows
Graphical Lasso, also known as GLasso, is a statistical technique used for estimating the sparse inverse covariance matrix (precision matrix) of a multivariate Gaussian distribution. Here, Sparsity means that many elements of the matrix are… Estimating the sparse inverse covariance matrix (precision matrix) by Graphical Lasso (with Python implementation)
Generating missing values Generating missing values with a given percentage of missingness for a dataframe or numpy array: Generating missing values with a given missing rate for a time series list: Calculating MSE ignoring missing… Generating missing data and evaluating missing data analysis in Python
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a statistical technique used for dimensionality reduction, which simplifies the complexity in high-dimensional data while retaining important infomation. The basic idea of this method is to transform a large set… Introduction to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and implementation in R and Python
Dimension reduction methods like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) or Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) can be used for denoising data because they work by retaining the most important features (or dimensions) that capture the majority of… denoising via dimension reduction in python
Missing At Random (MAR) imputation methods are based on the assumption that the chance of missing data is not related to the missing data itself, but might be related to some of the observed data.… why we can & probably should use missing at random imputation methods for data that’s not missing at random?
Why missing data occurs can be attributed to various reasons, including human error, malfunctioning equipment, or even intentional omission. It is important to handle missing data because it can significantly impact the reliability and accuracy… Missing data analysis: where’s your missing piece?