Why CNNs are so effective
“Professor, why is CNN so effective?” “CNNs don’t just look at the whole image like a confused tourist—they zoom in on tiny patches (called kernels) and analyze them like Sherlock Holmes inspecting clues.” “Ok. This…
The CNN Workflow
“What’s CNN workflow?” Alex asked. Peter replied, “If we have an input image represented as a tensor, like a 32×32 pixel image with 3 color channels (Red, Green, Blue) would have a shape of 32x32x3.”…
ResNet – Residual Network
I’m building a super tall tower out of Lego blocks. Each block is a layer in a neural network. The taller the tower, the more complex patterns it can learn. But the problem is “Tall…
AlexNet: The CNN That Changed Everything
“Hey Alex, do you know what AlexNet is?” The little spirit asked Alex. “AlexNet is a game changer. Many years ago, everyone were using basic machine learning models to recognize images — and they were…
VGGNet in the Magic Canvas
“Wow. So this is the canvas that can do image classification and object detection?” Vixel asked. “Yes, I am VGG. VGG stands for Visual Geometry Group.” the Canvas replied. “More exactly, I’m VGG19, which means…
convolutional operations and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) — the backbone of modern computer vision
“Hey, Kernel. You work for Mr. Convolution, right? What do you do there?” The pixelated giant asked, to which the young Kernel response, “A convolution is a mathematical operation that blends two functions to produce…
Object Detection
“I love sortering, especially beautiful mushrooms like this.” Jon thought “But I heard something on object detection trying to micmic human ability. It combines object localization to create bounding boxes around each object and then…
Segmentation by Thresholding: Techniques and Python Implementation
“The cat is so cute, but not the carpet! I want to grab the cat area only.” “What should I do now, Mr. Crystal?” Kevin asked, to which the magic crystal replied, “You can do…
Convolution & Filtering
“The world was a dazzling mosaic of colors and shapes, but I wonder if the magical computer to see it differently.” The little fairy thought and flew to the house of the Great Wizard. “It’s…
Image Transformations for Data Augmentation
“Professor Elara,” chirped the little kid, “Can show me the magic of Image Transformations?” and Professor Elara blinked slowly. “Ok. We begin with Scaling.” With a gentle wave of her wing, Professor Elara conjured a…
Pixel Operations
Pixels are the smallest units of a digital image — think of them as the individual tiles in a mosaic. Each pixel holds color and intensity information, and by manipulating these values, we can transform…
Image Formation: Pixels & Color Spaces
In a realm painted with light and shadow, there lived tiny sprites of light called Pixels. They were the weavers of the visual world, each a tiny, glowing dot of energy. The more Pixels that…
Exploring Computer Vision & The Seeing Machine
“Professor Hoot,” Gizmo chirped, “how does this self-driving car see where it’s going?” Professor Hoot chuckled, his feathers ruffling. “Ah, that’s the magic of Computer Vision, my dear Gizmo! It’s how we teach machines to…
Overfitting, Cross validation: a story example of Kiko’s super secret
The story of Kiko the overconfident student is a simple but accurate analogy for the concept of overfitting in machine learning and how cross-validation is used to prevent it. Here is a more technical breakdown…
Fixed: CUDA error: an illegal memory access was encountered
This typically means: Let’s go over a realistic and mockable example where: After that, we’ll go through an example where Then we’ll fix it by isolating the unsafe loss. After that, we’ll list which operations…
Norwegian vocabularies in cartoon
En-Ei-Et In Norwegian, the prefixes “ei-“, “en-“, and “et-” are used to indicate the grammatical gender of nouns. Here is how each is used: Note also that en mann (a man) & mannen (the man).…
Vietnamese Most Interesting Fairy Tales – A collection
Lạc Long Quân, Âu Cơ & The Legend of the Hung Kings e story begins with Lạc Long Quân, a dragon lord, and Âu Cơ, a mountain fairy. Their union symbolizes the harmony between the…
Hoán vị trong âm nhạc và nghệ thuật: Khám phá sáng tạo và sự biến đổi
Hoán vị là một khái niệm quan trọng trong nhiều lĩnh vực sáng tạo, đặc biệt là âm nhạc và nghệ thuật. Nó liên quan đến việc thay đổi, sắp xếp lại các yếu tố…
Chiến Lược Hiểu Khách Hàng Bằng Dữ Liệu
Hiểu hành vi, sở thích và nhu cầu của khách hàng Hiểu hành vi, sở thích và nhu cầu của khách hàng là một phần quan trọng trong việc xây dựng chiến lược kinh doanh…
The compound eye of a dragonfly: the beatiful net of hexagons
The compound eye of an insect, like that of a dragonfly, is a stunning example of how nature uses the hexagon to solve complex design challenges. The result is an incredibly effective visual system built…
Honeycomb: masterpiece of engineering
Of the many marvels in the natural world, the honeycomb stands out as a masterpiece of engineering. The reason for its consistent hexagonal structure is a fascinating story of efficiency, strength, and fundamental physics. It’s…
Fundamental limit rules with funny intuition
Let’s go over the fundamental limit rules (sum, difference, multiple, quotient, power) with their mathematical formulas and a funny or intuitive twist for each one. 🎯 1. Sum Rule 📏 Rule: 🤣 Funny Intuition: Limits…
Examples of calculating limits by simplifying fractions
Example 1:Step 1: Plug in the limit directly This is an indeterminate form, so we need to simplify. Step 2: Factor and simplify So the expression becomes: Now cancel the common factor: Step 3: Take…
Brain Image Segmentation: Advancements, Applications, and Challenges in Neuroimaging
Brain image segmentation is a cornerstone of modern medical image analysis, serving as the initial and often most critical step in numerous clinical and research applications. This process involves partitioning an input image, typically derived…
Transformers Architectures: A Comprehensive Review
The Transformer architecture, introduced in the seminal “Attention Is All You Need” paper in 2017, has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of artificial intelligence. By exclusively leveraging self-attention mechanisms and entirely dispensing with traditional recurrent and…
Curriculum Learning in 3D Medical Imaging: Advancing Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications
Curriculum learning, a machine learning paradigm inspired by human cognitive development, involves training models on examples of progressively increasing difficulty. 3D medical imaging, encompassing modalities such as Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and…
Masked Autoencoders: A Scalable Paradigm for Self-Supervised Visual Learning
A Masked Autoencoder (MAE) is a sophisticated self-supervised learning framework predominantly employed in computer vision. Its primary function is to acquire robust visual representations by reconstructing portions of an input image that have been intentionally…
Interactive Cosine Annealing with Warmup Visualizer
Interactive Cosine Annealing with Warmup Visualizer Cosine Annealing with Linear Warmup Explore the two-phase learning rate schedule by adjusting the parameters. Controls Warmup Ratio 10% Peak Learning Rate (η_max) 0.01 Min Learning Rate (η_min) 0.0001…
A Comprehensive Analysis of Cosine Annealing and Warmup Learning Rate Schedules
The Imperative for Dynamic Learning Rates In the optimization of deep neural networks, the learning rate stands as arguably the most critical hyperparameter, directly governing the magnitude of weight updates. If the rate is set…
How to Write an Outstanding Letter of Recommendation for a Computer Science Ph.D. Applicant
A letter of recommendation for a Ph.D. program is one of the most critical components of an application. For competitive computer science programs, it provides a personal, credible, and expert assessment of a candidate’s research…
The court in the sea
In Vĩnh Lại District, Hồng Châu (present-day Hải Dương), long ago there were many kinds of water creatures. Along the riverbanks, people had built more than ten temples to worship them. As the years passed,…
The Tale of Vũ Nương
Vũ Thị Thiết was a young woman from Nam Xương village. She was gentle, modest, and had a graceful appearance. In the village, there was a man named Trương Sinh. He admired her beauty and…