How to stop WordPress from sending comment email notifications
To stop WordPress from sending you email notifications whenever someone leaves a comment on your website (or when a comment is held for moderation), follow these steps. This applies to self-hosted WordPress.org sites (the most…
How to stop Google Scholar from automatically adding articles to your profile
Google Scholar has a setting called “Updates” that controls whether new publications are added to your profile automatically or only after your approval. According to Google Scholar’s own documentation, “You can choose to have your…
Bonferroni correction – What It Is and Why It Matters
The Bonferroni correction is a statistical method used to reduce the risk of Type I errors (false positives) when you run multiple hypothesis tests. Every time you test a hypothesis, there’s a chance you’ll incorrectly…
Type I and type II errors
Type I Error (False Positive) You reject a true null hypothesis — you conclude something is happening when it actually isn’t. Example:A medical test says a patient has a disease, but they actually don’t. Type…
independent samples in hypothesis testing
🧩 What “Independent Samples” Means Two samples are independent when the individuals in one group have no relationship to the individuals in the other group. This is the setup for the independent‑samples t‑test, also called…
One sample t-test
A one‑sample t‑test checks whether the mean of a single sample is significantly different from a known or hypothesized population mean. It answers the question: “Is my sample mean different enough from the population mean…